It’s predicted that cancer vaccines will be out within five years. Cancer vaccines boost the immune system to find and kill cancer cells, with some new ones using mRNA, as used in the COVID-19 vaccines. These shots will shrink tumors and stop cancer from coming back, including for breast and lung cancer.  

The road towards cancer vaccines is challenging, with every vaccine needing to be personalized to each patient making the vaccines process more expensive, but the development taking place at University of Wisconsin medicine gives hope for its reality, with testing happening for breast cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer and advancements already reported this year for melanoma and pancreatic cancer.